Fluconazole (INN) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. It is commonly marketed under the trade name Diflucan (Pfizer).
Pharmacology
Mode of action
Like other imidazole- and triazole-class antifungals, fluconazole inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase. Mammalian demethylase activity is much less sensitive to fluconazole than fungal demethylase. This inhibition prevents the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane, and subsequent accumulation of 14α-methyl sterols. Fluconazole is primarily fungistatic, however may be fungicidal against certain organisms in a dose-dependent manner.
Microbiology
Fluconazole is active against the following microorganisms:
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Candida spp. (except C. krusei and C. glabrata)
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Epidermophyton spp.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Microsporum spp.
Trichophyton spp.
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